SAINT EPHRAIM

DOCTOR OF THE CHURCH

(373)

Saint Ephraim, also Ephraim, was the Syrian, who is referred to as “ the harp of the Holy Spirit”. He earned that nickname for his beautiful writings and hymns.

Ephrem was born in Nisibis around 306, few years after the persecution, to Christian parents, and was baptized when he was in his teens. By his own writing, as related by one source, he was raised in Christian environment. He tells us:“ I had been early taught about Christ by my parents. They who begat me after the flesh had trained me in the fear of the Lord… My parents were confessors before the judge: yea, I am of the kindred of the martyrs”. In his youth, Constantine became emperor. St. Jacob was the famous bishop of Nisibis whom he accompanied to the Council of Nicaea in 325.

St. Ephraim became the head of a cathedral school, which he joined in his youth. After the Persians raid in 363, captured the city, and drove Christians away, he moved to Edessa (Iraq), which was a great Christian center. He lived there in a secluded rocky cave. He spent the rest of his austere life as a monk, writing and composing his sweet liturgical hymns, which enriched the church, and earn him the above-mentioned nickname. Aside from hymns, he tackled many orthodox subjects, and wrote exegetical works. In his portrayal of heaven and hell, for instance, he influenced the writings of Dante.

Later in his life he was ordained a deacon. About the year 370, he took a trip to Caesarea, longing to visit St. Basil whom he had heard, and saw in a vision. It was said that they recognized each other immediately without introduction.

While he was living in the cave, in 372, he organized a relief effort for the victims of famine with deep compassion. He spent several years in Egypt serving the poor. Then back to Edessa, he soon died in his cave. St. Ephraim who composed hymns and prose, it was said that he wept much, and never knew how to laugh. He was named a Doctor of the Church in 1920.

From his writings: 

In a hymn exploring the relationship of Mary to Jesus:

1- Our Lord, no one knows how to address your mother. If one calls her ‘virgin’, her child stands up, and ‘married’, no one knew her. But if your mother is incomprehensible, who is capable of comprehending You?

Refrain: Praise to You for Whom, as Lord of all, everything is easy.

2- for she is your mother - she alone - and your sister with all. She was to You mother; she was to You sister.

Moreover, she is Your betrothed with the chaste women. In everything, behold, You adorned her, Beauty of Your mother. (Up to 8)

St. Ephraim also was a champion of virginity. Here he portrayed an intricate typology of sealed tombs and sealed wombs:

“ Sealed was the grave which they entrusted with keeping the dead man. Virginal was the womb that no man knew. The virginal womb and the sealed grave like trumpets for a deaf people, shouted in its ear”.

-Ephraim the Syrian, Hymn

Awake, O My Harp, Your Chords,
In Praise of the Virgin Mary!
Lift Up Your Voice and Sing
The Wonderful History of this Virgin,
The Daughter of David,
Who Gave Birth to the Life of the World!


(St. Ephraim the Syrian)

V V V

Saint Ephrem (around 306 – 373), Deacon in Syria, Doctor of the Church
Diatessaron XII, § 1-2

“What you have done is keep the choice wine until now.”

In the desert, our Lord multiplied the loaves of bread, and in Cana, he changed the water into wine. Thus, he got people used to his bread and to his wine until the time when he gave them his body and his blood. He let them taste a transitory bread and wine, so that the desire for his life-giving body and blood might grow in them… He attracted us by means of these things that are pleasant to the palate, in order to lead us even more to that which gives life in full to our souls. He hid sweetness in the wine he made, so as to show his guests what incomparable treasure is hidden in his life-giving blood.

As his first sign, he gave a wine that gave joy to the guests, so as to show that his blood would give joy to all nations. For if wine plays a part in all of earth’s joys, in the same way, every true deliverance is linked to the mystery of his blood. He gave the guests at Cana excellent wine, which transformed their mind, so as to let them know that the teaching with which he would quench their thirst would transform their heart.

This wine, which first of all was only water, was changed in jars, a symbol of the first commandments, which he brought to perfection. The transformed water is the Law brought to its fulfillment. The people who were invited to the wedding drank what had been water, but without tasting that water. In the same way, when we hear the former commandments, we taste them not with their former savor, but with their new one.
 

V V V

“My brother, be always calm and look after yourself. Do not let your soul be influenced by any person’s standing, whether he is of low social status, or of great status, or even of the ruling class. No one among men can ransom you from the inextinguishable fire of hell. Notice what the Holy Spirit of God says: ‘Of what benefit is it to a man, if he gains the whole world, yet suffers the loss of his soul?’
 
“So, do not lose the glory of God by reason of the temporary glory and honor of men, through eating, drinking, or through any other material thing whatever. All of these things perish and are destroyed. Deeds, however, every one of them, both good and evil, are recorded, and they remain everlasting.
 
“My brother, turn your mind toward heavenly things and reflect on them, and not on earthly goods, which are temporal, that you might attain all that the heavenly Father has promised to his children, and enjoy the glory which is enjoyed by all those who have pleased God, that is, the Saints”
 Saint Ephraim

V V V

Blessed is the person who has consented to become the close friend of faith and of prayer: he lives in single mindedness and makes prayer and faith stop by with him. Prayer that rises up in someone's heart serves to open up for us the door of heaven: that person stands in converse with the Divinity and gives pleasure to the Son of God. Prayer makes peace with the Lord's anger and with the vehemence of His wrath. In this way too, tears that well up in the eyes can open the door of compassion.                St. Ephrem.

V V V

 

“My brother, if your soul were pure and upright before the Lord, you would be able to profit from all things of this life. If you were to see a wandering peddler, you would say to yourself: ‘my soul, from the desire to earn fleeting, earthly goods, the peddler toils a great deal and endures much, concentrating on things which will not ultimately remain under his domain. Why, then, do you not look after those things which are eternal and incorruptible?’ Once again, if you were to see those who dispute in court over financial matters, you would say: ‘My soul, these people, often having not a single need, show such ardor and quarrel with such shouting between themselves. You, who owe to God a myriad of talents, why do you not implore God, bowing down as one should, to obtain cancellation of that debt?’

“If you were to see a builder making houses, you would again say: ‘my soul, these same, even if they build houses from mud, show such great zeal to finish the work they have laid out. You, why are you indifferent to eternal structures and why do you not struggle to erect the abode of God within the soul, forming and joining the virtues by the will?’

“Now, in order not to be prolix in citing various circumstances one by one, let us say that we must take care to transform our worldly thoughts and observations, which are born of our material perspective on things of the present life, to spiritual ones. Thereby, we shall profit from all things with the help and assistance of Divine Grace”

Saint Ephraim.

V V V

 

Saint Ephraim (around 306 – 373), Deacon in Syria, Doctor of the Church
Hymns on Paradise, no. 5

All creation groans and is in agony… We ourselves… await the redemption of our bodies” (Rom 8:22-23)


The contemplation of Paradise delighted me by its peace and beauty. There, spotless beauty abides, there peace without alarm dwells. Happy the one who will deserve to receive it, if not through righteousness, then at least out of kindness; if not because of works, then at least out of pity…

When my spirit returned to the shores of earth, the mother of thorns, pain and evils of every kind presented themselves to me. Thus, I learned that our region is a prison. And yet, the captives who are locked in there weep when they leave it. I was also surprised by the fact that children cry when they leave the womb. They cry although they are going out from darkness towards the light, from a narrow space towards a vast universe. In the same way, for human beings, death is a kind of birth. Those who are born weep when they leave the universe, the mother of pain, in order to enter the Paradise of delights.

Oh Lord of Paradise, have pity on me! If it is not possible for me to enter into your Paradise, make me at least worthy of the pastures at its entrance. At the center of Paradise is the table of the saints, but the fruit from its interior falls outside like crumbs for the sinners, who even there will live by your kindness.

 

V V V

 

Saint Ephrem (around 306 – 373), Deacon in Syria, Doctor of the Church
Hymns on Faith, 14

“So long as the groom stays with them, they cannot fast.”


Lord, I invite you to a wedding banquet in songs. In Cana, there was not enough wine, which expresses our praise. You, the guest who filled the jars with good wine, fill my mouth with your praise!

The wine in Cana is the symbol of our praise, because those who drank of it marveled. At that wedding banquet, which was not your own, you, the truly righteous, filled six jars to overflowing with a delicious wine. So at the banquet to which I am inviting you, you can fill a crowd’s ears with your sweetness.

In times past, you were invited to others’ weddings. Here now is your own banquet. It is chaste and beautiful. May it give joy to your people! May your songs delight your guests; may my zither accompany your song!

Our soul is your betrothed; our body is your bridal chamber; our senses and our thoughts are the guests. If for you one single person is a wedding banquet, how great will be the banquet for the whole Church!
 

V V V

 

Hymn 1 on the Resurrection

No one has gone up to heaven except the one who has come down from heaven”

The Shepherd of all has come down,
He searched for Adam, the lost sheep,
He carried him on his shoulders and went back up with him.
He made himself sacrifice offered to the Master of the flock.

Blessed be his coming down to us!

He spread himself, as dew and life-giving rain,
Over Mary, this thirsty land.
Grain of wheat, he went down into the ground
And came out of it, as sheaf and new bread.

Blessed be his offering!

From up high, power has come down for us;
From the womb of the Virgin, hope has shined for us;
From the tomb, life has appeared for us.
At the right hand of the Father, he reigns as King over us.

Blessed be his honor!

From up high he came down like a river;
From Mary he came out as an offshoot;
From the cross he hung as a fruit,
And he went up to heaven, as an offering of first fruits.

Blessed be his will!

V V V

 

Attributed to Saint Ephrem of Salamis (? – 403), Bishop
1st Homily for the Feast of Palms
 

“See, your king shall come to you, meek, and riding on an ass, on a colt, the foal of an ass.” (Zech 9:9)



“Rejoice heartily, O daughter Zion.” Be filled with joy, Church of God. “See, your king shall come to you.” (Zech 9:9) Go out to meet him, hasten to contemplate his glory. This is the world’s salvation: God comes to the cross, and the Desired of the nations (Hag 2:7) enters Zion. The light is coming. Let us cry out with the people: “Hosanna to the Son of David. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.” The Lord God has appeared to us who were sitting in darkness and in the shadow of death (Lk 1:79). He appeared as the resurrection of those who have fallen, the liberation of captives, the light of the blind, the consolation of the afflicted, rest for the weak, spring for those who thirst, avenger of the persecuted, redemption of those who are lost, union of the divided, doctor for the sick, salvation of those who have gone astray.

Yesterday, Christ raised Lazarus from the dead; today he is going to his own death. Yesterday, he tore off the strips of cloth that bound Lazarus; today he is stretching out his hand to those who want to bind him. Yesterday, he tore that man away from darkness; today, for humankind, he is going down into darkness and the shadow of death. And the Church is celebrating. She is beginning the feast of feasts, for she is receiving her king as a spouse, for her king is in her midst.
 

Saint Ephrem (around 306 – 373), Deacon in Syria, Doctor of the Church
Diatesseron, 12, 4-5

“They gathered twelve baskets full of pieces left over"


In the twinkling of an eye the Lord multiplied a little bread. What human beings do in ten months of work, his ten fingers do in an instant… Nevertheless, he didn’t measure this miracle by its power, but according to the hunger of those who were there. If the miracle had been measured by its power, it would be impossible to evaluate it; measured according to the hunger of those thousands of people, the miracle went beyond the twelve baskets. Among artisans, their power is inferior to the customers’ desire; they cannot do everything that is asked of them. Contrary to them, what God accomplishes goes beyond all desire …

When they had been satiated like the Israelites in past times through the prayer of Moses, they cried out: “This is undoubtedly the Prophet who is to come into the world.” They were referring to the words of Moses: “A prophet like me will the Lord, your God, raise up for you.” Not just any prophet, but “a prophet like me” (Deut 18:15), who will satiate you with bread in the desert. Like me, he walked on the sea, he appeared in the luminous cloud (Mt 17:5), he freed his people. He handed Mary over to John just like Moses handed over his flock to Joshua… But the bread of Moses was not perfect; it was only given to the Israelites. Because he wanted to show that his gift is superior to that of Moses, and the call to the nations still more perfect, our Lord said: “If anyone eats this bread he shall live forever,” for the bread from God “has come down from heaven” and is given to the whole world           (John 6:51).

A homily attributed to Saint Ephrem (around 306 – 373), Deacon in Syria, Doctor of the Church. Lectionary

“Lifted up from the earth, I will draw all men to myself” (John 12:32)

Today the cross is advancing, creation exults. The cross, path for those who have gone astray, hope of Christians, the apostles’ preaching, security of the universe, foundation of the Church, fountain for those who are thirsty… In great gentleness, Jesus is led to the passion: he is brought to Pilate’s judgment seat; at the sixth hour, people mock him; until the ninth hour, he bears the pain of the nails, then his death ends his passion. At the twelfth hour, he is taken down from the cross. You could say he is a sleeping lion…

While he is judged, Wisdom remains silent and the Word says nothing. His enemies despise and crucify him… Those to whom yesterday he gave his body as food, watch from a distance as he dies. Peter, the first of the apostles, is the first to flee. Andrew also took flight, and John, who rested at his side, did not prevent the soldier from piercing that side with a lance. The Twelve fled; they did not say one word in his favor, they for whom he is giving his life. Lazarus is not there, he whom he called back to life. The blind man did not weep for him who opened his eyes to the light, and the crippled man, who could walk thanks to him, did not run to him.

Only a bandit who was crucified next to him confessed him and called him his king. O thief, precocious blossom from the tree of the cross, first fruit of the wood from Golgotha…! The Lord reigns; creation rejoices. The cross triumphs, and all nations, tribes, languages and peoples (Rev 7:9) come to adore him… The cross gives light to the whole universe, it chases away the  darkness and gathers the nations… into one single Church, one single faith, one single baptism in charity. It stands at the center of the world and is made firm on Calvary.



 

 

 

 

القديس مار افرام السرياني

نة فريدة من رجال اللَّه القديسين، يدعوه السريان "قيثارة الروح القدس"، فقد قدم للكنيسة أناشيد روحية بلا حصر، حملت مع نقاوة الإيمان المستقيم روح العبادة التقوية، وعاطفة الحب المتأجج، مع عذوبة الأسلوب وحلاوته... هذا وقد جاءت حياته في مجملها سيمفونية رائعة، تعزف لنا النسكية الحازمة مع اهتمام بخدمة الفقراء، وحزم في العقيدة والتعاليم الكنسية مع أتضاع شديد !

حداثته

وُلد حوالي عام 306م في مدينة نصيبين إحدى بلاد ما بين النهرين (الميصة). كان والداه مسيحيين، إذ قال: "وُلدت في طرق الحق، مع أنني في صبوتي لم أدرك عظمة الحق، وإنما عرفته بالتجربة"، كما قال: "كان والديّ معترفين أمام القاضي، نعم إني قريب للشهداء".

التصق بالقديس مار يعقوب أسقف نصيبين، ويقال أنه صحبه معه في مجمع نيقية عام 325م. بعد موت مار يعقوب بقى مار أفرام ملتصقَا بالثلاثة أساقفة خلفائه على الكرسي، ربما كرئيس للمدرسة التابعة للكرسي.

التجربة الأولى:

ظهرت علامات الحمل على عذراء ابنة أحد رؤساء المدينة، وإذ سؤلت عمن ارتكب معها الشر، أشارت إلى القديس أفرام الذي لم يعترض عليها، بل في أتضاع قال أمام الأسقف: أخطأت يا أبي... فتعثر الشعب جدًا، وحدثت بلبلة شديدة... وإذ تسلم أفرام الطفل ليربيه تعب الكثيرون بسببه، فاضطر أن يستأذن الأسقف ليصعد بعد قداس الأحد على الإنبل ويحمل الرضيع بيمينه نحو المذبح، وصرخ أمام الكل: "أيها الطفل، أناشدك أمام مذبح اللَّه، قل لي الحق: من هو أبوك" فنطق الطفل: أفرام قندلفت (المكلف بإضاءة قناديل الكنيسة)، فبكى كل الشعب وطلبوا منه السماح... وأسلم الطفل روحه في تلك الساعة! 

خروجه من نصيبين

عاصر حصار الفرس للمدينة ثلاث مرات في الفترة 238-350م حيث سُلمت نهائيُا لهم، بموجب معاهدة صلح بين سابور ملك الفرس وجوفنيان، فاضطر جميع المسيحيين إلى تركها، ومن بينهم القديس مار أفرام حيث توجه إلى الرها      Edessa

عند اقترابه من المدينة التقى بامرأة زانية، فتطلع إليها ليجدها تحدق فيه بشدة . فقال لها يا امرأة، أما تستحين أن تحدقي بنظرك إليّ هكذا؟" أجابته: "إن المرأة قد أخذت من الرجل فيحق لها أن تتفرس في أصلها، أما الرجل فأخذ من التراب فينبغي عليه أن يتفرس في أصله الذي أَخذ منه".

عندئذ قال في نفسه: "إن كان نساء هذه المدينة حكيمات هكذا فكم تكون حكمة رجالها؟‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍".

حياته في الرها

يُقال أنه اشتغل في أعمال بسيطة، وكان يقضي بقية وقته في الكرازة للوثنيين وتعليمهم الكتب المقدسة، حيث كان غالبية السكان وثنيين.

حرك الشيطان امرأة تسكن بجواره بفكر شرير، فسألته إن كان محتاجًا إلى شيء. أجابها: "إني محتاج إلى طوبتين وبعض الطين لأسد بها الطاقة التي بيني وبينك. "فاغتاظت المرأة بسبب جفاف كلماته وهددته أنها تتهمه بارتكاب الشر معها إن لم يسقط معها، فتظاهر بموافقتها، لكنه اشترط أن يرتكبا الشر في سوق المدينة، وإذ سألته: "كيف نفعل هذا الأمر والناس من حولنا؟" أجاب: "إن كنت تستحين من الناس، أفما تستحين من اللَّه الذي عيناه تخترقان أستار الظلام؟"... تأثرت المرأة جدُا، وقيل أنها تابت على يديه، والتحقت بأحد الأديرة.

بعد قليل سكن القديس أفرام في أحد مغاير جبل الرها، على تل صخري يعرف الآن باسم نمرود داج، حيث عكف على العبادة مع دراسة الكتاب المقدس.

قيل أن متوحدُا أسمه أفرام كان واقفًا خارج مغارته في الجبل فرأى ملاكُا نازلاً من السماء معه درج كبير مكتوب عليه من الوجهين، يحيط به ملائكة آخرون، وسمعه يقول: "لمن أعطي هذا الذي بيدي؟". فأجاب الملائكة: "إلى أوكين المتوحد الذي من صحراء مصر". ثم عاد فسأل: "من الذي يستحقه؟" أجابوا: "يوليانس المتوحد". عندئذ قال لهم: "ليس بين بشر هذا الزمان من يستحقه سوى أفرام السرياني الذي بجبل الرها... وإذ المتوحد ذلك تشكك أولاً، لكنه إذ زار مار أفرام في مغارته وجده يكتب في تفسير سفر التكوين، وإذ قرأ ما يكتبه دهش بسبب الموهبة التي أعطيت له، فأخذ منه التفسير وأسرع به إلى مدرسة الرها، وعرضه على علمائها الذين أُعجبوا به، فأمسكوه ليكرموه، فقال لهم عن كاتبه... فأسرعوا إلى مار أفرام ليحضروه، أما هو فإذ شعر بذلك هرب في أحد الأودية.

نزوله للعمل

ظهر له ملاك الرب وألزمه ألا يهرب من العمل، وفي خضوع نزل إلى المينة وبات في أحد أبراج سور الرها، وفي الصباح إذ رآه بعض المؤمنين اغتاظوا لأنه هرب عندما ذهبوا إليه، وجاء الآن من تلقاء نفسه، وحسبوه مرائيًا، بل واتهمه البعض بالجنون، أما هو فلم يبال لا بكلمة المدح ولا الذم، إنما كان يعبر في السوق يعلم ويعظ الكثيرين.

إذ كان جادًا في كرازته واستقامة إيمانه ثار عليه بعض رؤساء المدينة والهراطقة واليهود والوثنيين، وصاروا يضربونه حتى اضطر للَّهروب إلى مغارته وتكريس وقته للكتابة ضد الهرطقات، وتحولت المغارة إلى مدرسة في الجبل تضم العديد من التلاميذ.

في إسقيط مصر

رأى مار افرام القديس باسليوس الكبير أشبه بعمود نار نازلاً من السماء فاشتاق أن يلتقي به، وإذ أخذ معه مترجمًا سافر إلى مصر وهناك شده الأسقيط، وبقى فيه قرابة ثمان سنوات، ولازالت شجرته قائمة بدير السريان، إذ قيل بسبب نسكه الزائد كان يتوكأ على عصا فحسبه البعض أنه يتشبه بالشيوخ متباهيًا، فغرس عصاه في الأرض، وللحال أزهرت ونمت.

التقاؤه مع القديس باسيليوس

ذهب إلى قيصرية حوالي عام 371م، وحضر قداس عيد الظهور الإلهي بملابسه المهلهلة، وإذ أرى القديس باسليوس من بعيد سقط قلبه بسبب فخامة ملابسه وتشكك في أمره، لكنه ما أن وقف القديس يعظ حتى رأى كأن ألسنة نارية تنطلق من فيه متجهة نحو قلوب سامعيه، وكأن حمامة تنطق من فيه... فتغير فكره في الحال.

رأى القديس باسيليوس كأن ملاكين يحيطان بالراهب أفرام فأرسل إليه يستدعيه بعد العظة مباشرة، لكنه التمس أن يكون اللقاء بعد التناول... وبالفعل التقى الاثنان بقبلة أخوية... ثم قال له القديس باسيليوس على انفراد: لماذا شككت؟ مُظهرًا له أنه يلبس مسحًا من الداخل، قائلاً له: "أما هذه الملابس الخارجية الفاخرة فهي من أجل كرامة الخدمة فقط".

بقيت الزيارة أسبوعين، وقد حاول القديس باسيليوس رسامته قسًا، لكنه بالكاد قبل أن يرسم شماسًا "ذياكون" تأثر القديس باسيليوس كثيرًا بشخصيته وتعاليمه كما ذكر في كتاباته.

عودته إلى الرها

رجع إلى الرها وصار يقاوم الهرطقات. وإذ رأى أحدهم قد ألف 150 نشيدًا تحمل عقائد خاطئة يترنم بها الشعب، ألّف هو أيضًا 150 نشيدًا بذات النغم مع استقامة الإيمان، وعذوبة الأسلوب وقوته، فحلت محل الأناشيد الأولى.

إذ هدأ جو الهرطقات عاد إلى مغارته حتى اجتاحت المدينة مجاعة عظيمة في شتاء 372/373 فنزل إلى المدينة يحث الأغنياء عن العطاء الذي أوكلوه على التصرف حيث أقام دارًا بها 300 سريرًا للمرضى بسبب المجاعة، وكان يخدم المحتاجين بنفسه مع أعوانه... ولم يعد إلى مغارته حتى انتهت المجاعة.

وفي التاسع من شهر يونية (حزيران) عام 373م أسلم روحه بعد أن قدم هذه الوصية نظمها شعرً.

"لا تضعوني تحت مذبح اللَّه، لأنه لا يليق أن توضح الجيفة النتنة في المكان المقدس.

لا تضعوا جسدي مع الشهداء لأني خاطئ، ولا أستحق، وأخشى الاقتراب من عظامهم، لا تكفنوني بالعطور فإني غير مستحق للبخور والأطياب إذ لا تليق بي، بل قدموا البخور في الأماكن المقدسة، أما أنا فاسندوني بصلواتكم. عوض العطور والأطياب اذكروني في توسلاتكم...

قطعت عهدًا مع الرب أن أُدفن مع الغرباء لأني غريب كما كانوا هم. وضعوني في المقبرة حيث منكسرو القلب،  حتى حينما يأتي ابن اللَّه يضمني إليه ويقيمني معه..."

تعيِّد له الكنيسة في الخامس عشر من أبيب.

ثروته الأدبية

أغنى المكتبة المسيحية بكتاباته المنظومة شعرًا وأيضًا المنثورة... وهي لا تقل عن ثلاثة ملايين من الأسطر، ضمت شرحًا للأسفار المقدسة كلها، وموضوعات الجدل الديني، وبعض مقالات ورسائل مع ميامر وتسابيح، وقد فقد بعضها.

شخصيته الجذابة

إن كان قد تظاهر بالجنون في بعض الأوقات ليهرب من الأسقفية، حينما حاول القديس باسيليوس سيامته أسقفًا على أحد أقاليم أيبارشيته، وإن كانت دموعه لا تجف قط، حتى حسبها القديس غريغوريوس أسقف نيصص ظاهرة طبيعية. كما لا تتوقف التنفس في حياة الإنسان، فقد كانت محبته الفائقة للفقراء وحنوّه وشبعه الروحي يعطي لشخصيته جاذبية عجيبة، حتى قال القديس غريغوريوس النيصي أنه شابه الملائكة الذين بلا جسم مادي وبلا هم في الحياة!

مطبوعات دير السريان: ميمر الميلاد المجيد 1961م.

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